CSS Components Notes

Utilities

Resizable Class

Resizable div:

// bottom-right:
new_width = element_original_width + (mouseX - original_mouseX);
new_height = element_original_height + (mouseY - original_mouseY);

// bottom-left:
new_width = element_original_width - (mouseX - original_mouseX);
new_height = element_original_height + (mouseY - original_mouseY);
new_x = element_original_x - (mouseX - original_mouseX);

// top-right:
new_width = element_original_width + (mouseX - original_mouseX);
new_height = element_original_height - (mouseY - original_mouseY);
new_y = element_original_y + (mouseY - original_mouseY);

// top-left:
new_width = element_original_width - (mouseX - original_mouseX);
new_height = element_original_height - (mouseY - original_mouseY);
new_x = element_original_x + (mouseX - original_mouseX);
new_y = element_original_y + (mouseY - original_mouseY);

Hidden Class

display: none: 元素不在 DOM 流.
visibility: hidden: 元素在 DOM 流, 隐藏不可见, 不可触发事件.
opacity: 0: 元素在 DOM 流, 透明度为 0, 可触发事件.

.hidden-overflow {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hidden-opacity {
  position: absolute;
  filter: opacity(0%);
  opacity: 0;
}

.hidden-stacking {
  position: relative;
  z-index: -1;
}

.hidden-clip {
  position: absolute;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
}

.hidden-visibility {
  position: absolute;
  visibility: hidden; /* visibility 具有继承性 */
}

.hidden-display {
  display: none;
}

Typography

Flexible Heading

h1 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
}

h1::before,
h1::after {
  flex: 1;
  height: 0.1em;
  margin: 0.2em;
  content: '';
  background-color: gray;
}

Text Preset

.text-primary {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 100px;
  color: black;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1.3px;
  font-display: swap;
}

Landing Page

Jumbotron Background Image

h1 {
  background-image: url('bg.jpg');
  background-clip: text;
}

.jumbotron {
  min-height: 100%;
  background-image: url('');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center center;
  background-size: cover;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

Muted Video

.fullscreen-video {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: -100;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-size: cover;
}

.fullscreen-video video {
  min-width: 100%;
  min-height: 100%;
}

Search Light Effect

:root::before {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  pointer-events: none;
  content: '';
  background: radial-gradient(
    circle 16vmax at var(--cursor-x) var(--cursor-y),
    rgb(0 0 0 / 0%) 0%,
    rgb(0 0 0 / 50%) 80%,
    rgb(0 0 0 / 80%) 100%
  );
}

Styling lists:

list-style-type: 改变 ul/ol 前标记类型.
list-style-image: 改变 ul/ol 前标记类型.
设置 <a href="#"> 样式.

ul {
  /* 垂直菜单设置宽度, 水平菜单不设置宽度 */
  list-style: none;
}

/* 水平菜单 */
li {
  float: left;
}

a {
  display: inline-block;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

ul {
  text-align: right;
}

li {
  display: inline-block;
}

.anchor {
  display: none;
}

.content {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  transition:
    max-height 0.3s,
    opacity 0.3s;
}

.anchor:target ~ .content {
  max-height: 100%;
  opacity: 1;
}

.tab > a {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.3em 1em 0;
}

.tab > a::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  background: #ccc;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    hsl(0deg 0% 100% / 60%),
    hsl(0deg 0% 100% / 0%)
  );
  border: 1px solid rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);
  border-bottom: none;
  border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0;
  box-shadow: 0 0.15em white inset;
  transform: perspective(0.5em) rotateX(5deg);
  transform-origin: bottom;
}

如果页面内容不足够长时, 页脚固定在浏览器窗口的底部.
如果内容足够长时, 页脚固定在页面的最底部.

Negative bottom margin content-wrapper with fixed height footer:

<body>
  <main class="wrapper">
    content
    <div class="push"></div>
  </main>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>

<style>
  html,
  body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .wrapper {
    min-height: 100%;

    /* Equal to height of footer */

    /* But also accounting for potential margin-bottom of last child */
    margin-bottom: -50px;
  }

  .footer,
  .push {
    height: 50px;
  }
</style>

Negative top margin on fixed height footer:

<body>
  <main class="content">
    <section class="content-inside">content</section>
  </main>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>

<style>
  html,
  body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .content {
    min-height: 100%;
  }

  .content-inside {
    padding: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 50px;
  }

  .footer {
    height: 50px;
    margin-top: -50px;
  }
</style>

calc on fixed height footer:

<body>
  <main class="content">content</main>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>

<style>
  .content {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 70px);
  }

  .footer {
    height: 50px;
  }
</style>

Use flex on body:

<body>
  <main class="content">content</main>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>

<style>
  html,
  body {
    height: 100%;
  }

  body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
  }

  .content {
    flex: 1 0 auto;
  }

  .footer {
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
</style>

Use grid on body:

<body>
  <main class="content">content</main>
  <footer class="footer"></footer>
</body>

<style>
  html {
    height: 100%;
  }

  body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
    min-height: 100%;
  }

  .footer {
    grid-row: 2 / 3;
  }
</style>

Use gird with min-content:

<body>
  <div class="grid">
    <header>
      <!-- ... -->
    </header>
    <main>
      <!-- ... -->
    </div>
    <footer>
      <!-- ... -->
    </footer>
  </div>
</body>

<style>
  .grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: min-content auto min-content;
    height: 100vh;
  }
</style>

Link

Styled Link

Styling links:

a {
  padding: 2px 1px 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  outline: none;
}

a:link {
  color: #265301;
}

a:visited {
  color: #437a16;
}

a:focus {
  background: #bae498;
  border-bottom: 1px solid;
}

a:hover {
  background: #cdfeaa;
  border-bottom: 1px solid;
}

a:active {
  color: #cdfeaa;
  background: #265301;
}

a[href^='http'] {
  padding-right: 19px;
  background: url('external-link-52.png') no-repeat 100% 0;
  background-size: 16px 16px;
}

Hidden Link

a {
  text-decoration: none;
  pointer-events: none;
  cursor: default;
  opacity: 0;
}

Animated Link

Change bottom border:

a {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
  color: #008080;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a::after {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 3px;
  content: '';
  background-color: #22313f;
  transform-origin: bottom-center;
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: #22313f;
}

a:hover::after,
a:focus::after {
  width: 100%;
}

GitHub Link

<a
  href="https://github.com/Trevald/WhatTheTag.com"
  class="github-corner"
  aria-label="View source on GitHub"
>
  <svg
    width="80"
    height="80"
    viewBox="0 0 250 250"
    style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; color: #2d3748; border: 0; fill: #718096;"
    aria-hidden="true"
  >
    <path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z" />
    <path
      d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2"
      fill="currentColor"
      style="transform-origin: 130px 106px;"
      class="octo-arm"
    />
    <path
      d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z"
      fill="currentColor"
      class="octo-body"
    />
  </svg>
</a>

.github-corner:focus .octo-arm,
.github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
  animation: none;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .github-corner:focus .octo-arm,
  .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
    animation: octocat-wave 560ms ease-in-out;
  }
}

@keyframes octocat-wave {
  0%,
  100% {
    transform: rotate(0);
  }

  20%,
  60% {
    transform: rotate(-25deg);
  }

  40%,
  80% {
    transform: rotate(10deg);
  }
}

Button

Link Button

a.btn-custom {
  padding: 10px 40px;
  line-height: 100px;
  text-align: center;
  background-color: #000;
  border-radius: 0;
}

Gradient Button

Linear Gradient Button

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 5px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(to top, #333 50%, #fff 50%);
  background-size: 100% 200%;
  transition: all 0.3s;
}

.btn:hover,
.btn:focus {
  color: #fff;
  background-position: 0 100%;
}

.btn-1 {
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    #f6d365 0%,
    #fda085 51%,
    #f6d365 100%
  );
}

.btn-2 {
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    #fbc2eb 0%,
    #a6c1ee 51%,
    #fbc2eb 100%
  );
}

.btn-3 {
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    #84fab0 0%,
    #8fd3f4 51%,
    #84fab0 100%
  );
}

.btn-4 {
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    #a1c4fd 0%,
    #c2e9fb 51%,
    #a1c4fd 100%
  );
}

.btn-5 {
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    #ffecd2 0%,
    #fcb69f 51%,
    #ffecd2 100%
  );
}

.btn:hover,
.btn:focus {
  background-position: right center; /* change the direction of the change here */
}

Radial Gradient Button

.ripple-button {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #2a80eb;
}

.ripple-button:active {
  background-image: radial-gradient(
    160% 100% at 50% 0%,
    hsl(0deg 0% 100% / 30%) 50%,
    hsl(0deg 0% 100% / 0%) 52%
  );
}

.colorful-button {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #2a80eb;
  background-image: radial-gradient(
      farthest-side at bottom left,
      rgb(255 0 255/ 50%),
      transparent
    ), radial-gradient(farthest-corner at bottom right, rgb(255 255 50/ 50%), transparent);
}

3D Shadow Button

.shadow-3d-button {
  width: 100px;
  height: 36px;
  background-color: #f0f3f9;
  border: 1px solid #a0b3d6;
  box-shadow:
    1px 1px #afc4ea,
    2px 2px #afc4ea,
    3px 3px #afc4ea;
}

.shadow-3d-button:active {
  box-shadow:
    1px 1px #afc4ea,
    2px 2px #afc4ea;
  transform: translate(1px, 1px);
}

Button Reference

100 modern CSS buttons.

Table

Styling tables:

table-layout: fixed to contain cells with same width, makes <table> behave a bit more predictably.
border: 0 and border-collapse: collapse to remove border line.
text-align for <th>/<td> text alignment.
Implement filter or pagination with display: none applied to <tr>.

/**
 * `fixed` layout and `collapse` border.
 */
table {
  width: 100%;
  table-layout: fixed;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  border: 3px solid purple;
}

/**
 * Spacing and alignment.
 */
th,
td {
  padding: 12px 15px;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e1e1;
}

th:first-child,
td:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

th:last-child,
td:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

/**
 * Control column width.
 */
thead th:nth-child(1) {
  width: 30%;
}

thead th:nth-child(2) {
  width: 20%;
}

thead th:nth-child(3) {
  width: 15%;
}

thead th:nth-child(4) {
  width: 35%;
}

Form

Form Design Pattern:

由于表单组件多为 Replaced Element, 通过 CSS 控制样式存在困难, 一般利用 label/span 代替 input 的方式, 对 label 与 span 进行核心样式控制, 对 input 进行辅助样式控制:
- :disabled.
- :checked.
- :focus-visible.
- :focus:not(:focus-visible).
- :active:not(:disabled).
- :indeterminate.
隐藏 input, 用 label 模拟时, 需要注意表单元素的键盘可访问性:
- 保持键盘访问: 不应使用 display: none/visibility: hidden 隐藏 input (无法键盘访问), 应使用 [type="checkbox"] { position: absolute; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); }.
- 修饰键盘访问: 应添加 :focus/:focus-visible 伪类样式, input:focus ~ label { outline: 1px solid red; border: 1px solid red; }.

[type='radio'] {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
}

.radio-label {
  background-color: var(--color-transparent);
  border-color: var(--color-dark);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

:disabled ~ .radio-label {
  border-color: var(--color-ghost);
}

:checked ~ .radio-label {
  background-color: var(--color-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
}

:focus-visible ~ .radio-label {
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-primary);
}

:focus:not(:focus-visible) ~ .radio-label {
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  outline: none;
}

:active:not(:disabled) ~ .radio-label {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

Reset Form Styles

input[type='email'],
input[type='number'],
input[type='search'],
input[type='text'],
input[type='tel'],
input[type='url'],
input[type='password'],
textarea,
select {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 38px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #d1d1d1;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* Removes awkward default styles on some inputs for iOS */
input[type='email'],
input[type='number'],
input[type='search'],
input[type='text'],
input[type='tel'],
input[type='url'],
input[type='password'],
textarea {
  appearance: none;
}

textarea {
  min-height: 65px;
  padding-top: 6px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
}

input[type='email']:focus,
input[type='number']:focus,
input[type='search']:focus,
input[type='text']:focus,
input[type='tel']:focus,
input[type='url']:focus,
input[type='password']:focus,
textarea:focus,
select:focus {
  /* Custom border color */
  border: 1px solid #33c3f0;

  /* Key point: remove default outline */
  outline: 2px solid transparent;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

label,
legend {
  display: block;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: bold;
}

fieldset {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border-width: 0;
}

input[type='checkbox'],
input[type='radio'] {
  display: inline;
}

label > .label-body {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: normal;
}

Custom Form Button

隐藏 <input>, 添加样式至 <label>/<span>:

<input id="submit" type="submit" />
<label class="btn" for="submit">Submit</label>

<style>
  [type='submit'] {
    position: absolute;
    clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  }

  .btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 2px 12px;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #fff;
    cursor: pointer;
    background-color: #cd0000;
  }

  :focus + label.btn {
    outline: 1px dotted var(--highlight);
  }
</style>

Custom Form Checkbox

Input itself as border shape, pseudo elements as center shape (checked transform animation):

input[type='checkbox'] + label::before {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  margin-right: 10px;
  content: '';
  background: white;
}

input[type='checkbox']:checked + label::before {
  background: #5ac5c9;
}

input[type='checkbox']:checked + label::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 3px;
  left: 27px;
  width: 13px;
  height: 6px;
  content: '';
  border-bottom: 2px solid black;
  border-left: 2px solid black;
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

input[type='checkbox']:focus + label::before {
  outline: #5d9dd5 solid 1px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px #5e9ed6;
}

input[type='checkbox']:disabled + label {
  color: #575757;
}

input[type='checkbox']:disabled + label::before {
  background: #ddd;
}

Custom Form Switch

Pseudo element switch from circle to circle:

thumb-size: 2rem.
track-width: 2 * thumb-size.
track-height: thumb-size.
pseudo-element border-radius: 50%.
track border-radius: track-size.
checked transform: track background-color, pseudo element translateX.

.gui-switch > input {
  display: grid;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  grid: [track] 1fr / [track] 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  padding: var(--track-padding);
  appearance: none;
  border-radius: var(--track-size);
  inline-size: var(--track-size);
  block-size: var(--thumb-size);
}

.gui-switch > input::before {
  grid-area: track;
  content: '';
  inline-size: var(--thumb-size);
  block-size: var(--thumb-size);
}

Custom Form Select

.custom-select {
  width: 15%;
  height: 35px;
  margin-right: 20px;

  /* 文本属性 */
  text-align: center;
  text-align-last: center;

  /* 消除默认箭头 */
  text-indent: 0.01px;
  text-overflow: '';

  /* 消除默认样式 */
  appearance: none;

  /* 将箭头图片移至右端 */
  background: url('images/arrow.png') no-repeat;
  background-color: #fff;
  background-position: right;

  /* 自定义边框 */
  border: 0;
}

.custom-select:focus {
  border: 1px solid #e74f4d;
}

.custom-select option {
  width: 100%;
  height: 25px;
  padding-left: 30px;
  line-height: 25px;
  color: #323333;
  background-color: #fff;
  direction: rtl;
}

.custom-select option:hover,
.custom-select option:focus {
  color: #fff;
  background: url('./img/tick.png') no-repeat 8px center;
  background-color: #e74f4d;
}

.overlay {
  position: fixed;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: rgb(0 0 0 / 50%);
}

.modal {
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 50vmax rgb(0 0 0 / 80%);
}

<div class="container">
  <div class="dialog">
    <div class="content">内容占位</div>
  </div>
</div>

.container {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 99;
  text-align: center;
  white-space: nowrap;

  /* for IE8 */
  background: url('data:image/png;base64,iVB...g==');

  /* for IE9+ */
  background: rgb(0 0 0 / 50%), none;
}

.container::after {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 100%;
  vertical-align: middle;
  content: '';
}

.dialog {
  display: inline-block;
  text-align: left;
  white-space: normal;
  vertical-align: middle;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

图片剪裁的矩形镂空效果:

.crop {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.crop > .crop-area {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  cursor: move;
  outline: 256px solid rgb(0 0 0 / 50%);
}

利用伪元素 (无法选中) 生成元素, 并设置 pointer-events: none (无法交互):

.tooltip {
  position: relative;
  cursor: help;
}

/* 三角形 */
.tooltip::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12px;
  left: 20px;
  display: block;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  content: '';
  border: solid transparent 5px;
  border-bottom-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition:
    opacity 250ms,
    top 250ms;
}

/* 提示文字 */
.tooltip::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 22px;
  left: 0;
  display: inline;
  width: 230px;
  padding: 0.5em 0.8em;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5em;
  color: #fff;
  pointer-events: none; /* This prevents the box from appearing when hovered. */
  content: attr(aria-label);
  background: rgb(0 0 0 / 80%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition:
    opacity 250ms,
    top 250ms;
}

/* Keeps the info boxes on top of other elements */
.tooltip:hover {
  z-index: 2;
}

.tooltip:hover::before,
.tooltip:hover::after {
  opacity: 1;
}

.tooltip:hover::before {
  top: 20px;
}

.tooltip:hover::after {
  top: 30px;
}

Scroll Effect

Parallax Effect

Background Attachment Parallax Effect

.parallax {
  min-height: 60%; /* key */
  background-image: url('./images/bg.jpg');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-attachment: fixed; /* key */
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
}

3D Perspective Transform Parallax Effect

3D perspective transform parallax effect:

<div class="parallax">
  <div class="parallax-group">
    <div class="parallax-layer parallax-fore-layer"></div>
    <div class="parallax-layer parallax-base-layer"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="parallax-group">
    <div class="parallax-layer parallax-base-layer"></div>
    <div class="parallax-layer parallax-back-layer"></div>
    <div class="parallax-layer parallax-deep-layer"></div>
  </div>
</div>

<style>
  .parallax {
    perspective: 1px;
    height: 100vh;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    overflow-y: auto;
    perspective-origin: 100% 50%;
  }

  .parallax-group {
    position: relative;
    height: 100vh;
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
  }

  .parallax-layer {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    transform-origin: 100% 50%;
  }

  .parallax-fore-layer {
    transform: translateZ(90px) scale(0.7);
  }

  .parallax-base-layer {
    transform: translateZ(0);
  }

  .parallax-back-layer {
    transform: translateZ(-1px) scale(2);
  }

  .parallax-deep-layer {
    transform: translateZ(-2px) scale(3);
  }
</style>

Page Progress Indicator

body {
  position: relative;
}

.indicator {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: linear-gradient(to right top, teal 50%, transparent 50%) no-repeat;
  background-size: 100% calc(100% - 100vh);
  mix-blend-mode: darken;
}

/* use after element to hidden triangle background gradient */

/* only show 5px background */
.indicator::after {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 5px 0 0;
  z-index: 1;
  content: '';
  background: #fff;
}

Slides

锚点定位本质上改变了 scrollTop 或 scrollLeft 值, 即使容器设置 overflow: hidden 也会发生滚动, 可以利用锚点定位实现 CSS-only slides:

position: absolute to stack slides up.
id + :target for style current slide (change z-index).
Add animation to slide change: (prev, current, next) .slide, .slide:target, .slide:target ~ slide.
Add overflow: hidden to container when animation.

<main>
  <section class="slide" id="slide1">
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide2">next</a>
  </section>
  <section class="slide" id="slide2">
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide1">prev</a>
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide3">next</a>
  </section>
  <section class="slide" id="slide3">
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide2">prev</a>
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide4">next</a>
  </section>
  <section class="slide" id="slide4">
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide3">prev</a>
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide5">next</a>
  </section>
  <section class="slide" id="slide5">
    <a class="slide-link" href="#slide4">prev</a>
  </section>
</main>

body {
  overflow: hidden; /* key 1 */
}

.slide {
  position: absolute; /* key 2 */
  z-index: 0; /* key 3 */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
}

.slide:target {
  z-index: 1; /* key 4 */
}

/* Rotate Fade-In Animation */
@media only screen and (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .slide {
    transition: none;
  }
}

.slide {
  z-index: 0;
  transition:
    transform 1s,
    opacity 0.8s;
  transform: rotate(90deg);
  transform-origin: 0 0;
}

.slide:target {
  z-index: 1;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
}

.slide:target ~ section {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

当两个 width: 100% slide 同时处于同一水平位置, 添加左进/右进动画, 当 slide 向右滑动时, 水平的 scrollX 会直接滑到最右边, 导致幻灯片浏览异常. 解决办法如下:

const resetScrollX = () => {
  window.scrollTo(0, 0);
};

Gallery

.gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  grid-auto-rows: 1fr;
  grid-auto-flow: dense;
  grid-gap: 1em;
}

.gallery .featured {
  grid-row: span 2;
  grid-column: span 2;
}

.gallery figure {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin: 0;
}

.gallery img {
  flex: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  max-width: 100%;
}

Grid Gallery

Timeline and Steps

Use pseudo elements to construct circle and line:

/* The separator line */
.c-timeline-item:not(:last-child) .c-timeline-content::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 100%;
  width: 2px;
  height: 100%;
  content: '';
  background-color: #d3d3d3;
}

/* The circle */
.c-timeline-content::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: -12px;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  content: '';
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 2px solid #d3d3d3;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

Background and Shadow

Gradient Border

Gradient border:

.gradient-border {
  width: 200px;
  height: 100px;
  margin: auto;
  clip-path: inset(0 round 10px);
  filter: hue-rotate(360deg);
  border: 10px solid;
  border-image: linear-gradient(45deg, gold, deeppink) 1;
  animation: hue 6s infinite linear;
}

@keyframes hue {
  0% {
    filter: hue-rotate(0deg);
  }

  100% {
    filter: hue-rotate(360deg);
  }
}

Gradient Box Shadow

Gradient box shadow:

.box::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  content: '';
  background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #ff3d00 0%, #0400ff 100%);
  filter: blur(20px);
  border-radius: inherit;
  opacity: var(0.7);
  transition: opacity 0.3s;
  transform: translate3d(0, 20px, 0) scale(0.95);
}

/**
 * Prevents issues when the parent creates a  stacking context:
 * For example, using the `transform` property.
 */
.box::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  content: '';
  background: inherit;
  border-radius: inherit;
}

Geometry and Shape

Pseudo Element Shape

利用伪类画额外图形:

.first-details-intro::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  content: '';
  border-top: 15px solid transparent;
  border-right: 25px solid #fff;
  border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
}

Border Shape

Horizontal and Vertical Border

Separate set horizontal and vertical radius to make well-designed shapes:

.avatar-shape {
  border-radius: 70% 30% 30% 70% / 60% 40% 60% 40%;
}

.avatar {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border: solid deepskyblue;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  animation: morph 6s paused linear;
}

@keyframes morph {
  0% {
    border-radius: 40% 60% 60% 40% / 60% 30% 70% 40%;
    transform: rotate(-5deg);
  }

  100% {
    border-radius: 40% 60%;
    transform: rotate(5deg);
  }
}

.avatar:nth-child(4n) {
  animation-delay: -3.5s;
}

.avatar:nth-child(2n + 1) {
  animation-delay: -1s;
}

.avatar:nth-child(3n + 2) {
  animation-delay: -2s;
}

.avatar:nth-child(5n + 3) {
  animation-delay: -3s;
}

.avatar:nth-child(7n + 5) {
  animation-delay: -4s;
}

.avatar:nth-child(11n + 7) {
  animation-delay: -5s;
}

Transparent Border

Mix transparent with non-transparent border to make shapes (e.g. triangle):

.arrow-up {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-right: 16px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 20px solid #8888e8;
  border-left: 16px solid transparent;
}

.arrow-right {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 16px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 16px solid transparent;
  border-left: 20px solid #e888a3;
}

.arrow-down {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 20px solid #f7df6c;
  border-right: 16px solid transparent;
  border-left: 16px solid transparent;
}

.arrow-left {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 16px solid transparent;
  border-right: 20px solid #8de698;
  border-bottom: 16px solid transparent;
}

Background Shape

.btn-add,
.btn-sub {
  width: 1.5rem;
  height: 1.5rem;
  color: dimgray;
  background:
    linear-gradient(currentcolor, currentcolor) no-repeat center / 0.875em 2px,
    linear-gradient(currentcolor, currentcolor) no-repeat center / 2px 0.875em;
  border: 1px solid gray;
}

.btn-sub {
  background-size:
    0.875em 2px,
    0;
}

.square {
  width: 304px;
  height: 160px;
  background-color: #fff;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      45deg,
      #eee 25%,
      transparent 25%,
      transparent 75%,
      #eee 75%
    ), linear-gradient(45deg, #eee 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, #eee
        75%);
  background-position:
    0 0,
    8px 8px;
  background-size: 16px 16px;
}

Background Shape

Stretch Line

background line.
border line.
Pseudo element with line-through text-decoration.

.line {
  width: 70%;
  height: 10px;
  background-color: #000;
}

.line,
.line-background {
  background: linear-gradient(#000, #000) 50% / 70% 10px no-repeat;
}

.line,
.line-border {
  border-top: 10px solid #000;
}

.line,
.line::after {
  /* set thickness */
  font-size: 5em;

  /* hide content */
  color: transparent;
  text-decoration: line-through #000;

  /* control line length */
  content: '_______';
}

Dash Line

background dash line.
border dash line.
Pseudo element with dashed text-decoration.

.dash-background {
  background: linear-gradient(to left, #000 70%, transparent 0);
  background-repeat: repeat-x;
  background-size: 30px 10px;
}

.dash-border {
  border-top: 10px dashed #000;
}

.dash::after {
  text-decoration-style: dashed;
}

Bar Line

Background gradient bar:

.bars {
  --color: no-repeat linear-gradient(#000 0 0);

  width: 45px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  background:
    var(--color) 0% 50%,
    var(--color) 50% 50%,
    var(--color) 100% 50%;
  background-size: 20% 100%; /* 20% * (3 bars + 2 spaces) = 100% */
}

Grid pseudo element border bar:

.loader {
  --size: 100px; /* control the size */

  display: grid;
  place-content: center;
  place-items: center;
  margin: 0 calc(var(--size) / 2); /* 50px */
}

.loader::before,
.loader::after {
  grid-area: 1 / 1;
  content: '';
}

.loader,
.loader::before,
.loader::after {
  width: calc(var(--size) / 5); /* 20px */
  height: var(--size);
  border-radius: var(--size);
  transform: translate(calc(var(--index, 0) * 200%));
}

.loader::before {
  --index: -1;
}

.loader::after {
  --index: 1;
}

Wave line

Rotate border wave:

<div class="container">
  <div class="wave"></div>
  <p>45%</p>
</div>

<style>
  .container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .wave {
    position: relative;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: rgb(118 218 255);
    border-radius: 50%;
  }

  .wave::before,
  .wave::after {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 50%;
    z-index: 1;
    width: 400px;
    height: 400px;
    content: '';
    background-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 40%);
    border-radius: 45%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -70%) rotate(0);
    animation: rotate 6s linear infinite;
  }

  .wave::after {
    z-index: 2;
    background-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 90%);
    border-radius: 47%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -70%) rotate(0);
    animation: rotate 10s linear -5s infinite;
  }

  @keyframes rotate {
    50% {
      transform: translate(-50%, -73%) rotate(180deg);
    }

    100% {
      transform: translate(-50%, -70%) rotate(360deg);
    }
  }
</style>

.icon-menu {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 140px;
  height: 10px;

  /* Line gap */
  padding: 35px 0;

  /* Line 2 */
  background-color: currentcolor;
  background-clip: content-box;

  /* Line 1 */
  border-top: 10px solid;

  /* Line 3 */
  border-bottom: 10px solid;
}

Grid Line

background-image for line color,
background-size for line gap.

.grid-line {
  background-color: #fff;
  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--line-color) 1px, transparent 0),
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--line-color) 1px, transparent 0);
  background-size: 10px 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e5e8eb;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e8eb;
  box-shadow:
    inset 0 15px 20px -15px #f6f7f9,
    inset -5px -15px 20px -15px #f6f7f9;
}

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/blueprint}
 */
.nest-grid-line {
  background: #58a;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      var(--primary-line-color) 2px,
      transparent 0
    ), linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-line-color) 2px, transparent 0),
    linear-gradient(var(--secondary-line-color) 1px, transparent 0),
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--secondary-line-color) 1px, transparent 0);
  background-size:
    75px 75px,
    75px 75px,
    15px 15px,
    15px 15px;
}

Spinner

Rotate conic gradient.
Rotate border.

Background gradient loading spinner:

.loading-ring {
  --mask: radial-gradient(closest-side, transparent 75%, black 76%);

  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: conic-gradient(deepskyblue, 30%, white);
  mask-image: var(--mask);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 1s linear infinite reverse;
}

@keyframes spin {
  from {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }

  to {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

More spinner see SpinKit.

Dot

Border Dot

background and border dot:

.icon-dot {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;

  /* Cycle gap */
  padding: 10px;

  /* Cycle shape */
  background-color: currentcolor;
  background-clip: content-box;

  /* Cycle ring */
  border: 10px solid;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

Gradient Dot

radial-gradient dot:

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/polka}
 */
.dot {
  background: #655;
  background-image: radial-gradient(tan 30%, transparent 0);
  background-size: 30px 30px;
}

repeating-radial-gradient dot:

@property --length {
  syntax: '<length>';
  inherits: false;
  initial-value: 0.0008px;
}

/* TV snowflake noise signal screen effect (雪花屏效果) */
div {
  background-image: repeating-radial-gradient(
    circle at 17% 32%,
    rgb(4 4 0),
    rgb(52 72 197),
    rgb(115 252 224),
    rgb(116 71 5),
    rgb(223 46 169),
    rgb(0 160 56),
    rgb(234 255 0) var(--length)
  );
  animation: change 1s infinite alternate;
}

@keyframes change {
  100% {
    --length: 0.0009px;
  }
}

Circle

background circle.
border circle.
clip-path circle.
Pseudo element circle.

.circle-background {
  background-image: radial-gradient(#000 72%, transparent 0);
}

.circle-background-corner {
  background: #58a;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at top left, transparent 15px, #58a 0) top left,
    radial-gradient(circle at top right, transparent 15px, #58a 0) top right,
    radial-gradient(circle at bottom right, transparent 15px, #58a 0) bottom right,
    radial-gradient(circle at bottom left, transparent 15px, #58a 0) bottom left;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: 50% 50%;
}

.circle-border {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.circle-clip-path {
  clip-path: circle(50%);
}

.circle::after {
  font-size: 120vw;
  line-height: 0;
  content: '·';
}

Ellipse

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/half-ellipse}
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/quarter-ellipse}
 */
.ellipse {
  border-radius: 50% / 50%;
  border-radius: 50% / 100% 100% 0 0;
  border-radius: 50% / 0 0 100% 100%;
  border-radius: 100% 0 0 100% / 50%;
  border-radius: 0 100% 100% 0 / 50%;
  border-radius: 100% 0 0;
  border-radius: 0 100% 0 0;
  border-radius: 0 0 100%;
  border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

Ellipse Border ]

Triangle

background triangle.
border triangle.
clip-path triangle.
Pseudo element triangle.

Background gradient triangle:

.triangle {
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #000 50%, transparent 0);
}

/**
 * @see {@link https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/BGeJGm}
 */
.arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 200px;
  height: 40px;
  font-size: 200%;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  background:
    linear-gradient(-135deg, transparent 10%, #04e6fb 10%, #65ff9a 100%) top right,
    linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 10%, #04e6fb 10%, #65ff9a 100%) bottom right,
    linear-gradient(-135deg, #04e6fb 0, #65ff9a 90%, transparent 90%) top left,
    linear-gradient(-45deg, #04e6fb 0, #65ff9a 90%, transparent 90%) bottom left;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: 90% 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/folded-corner-realistic}
 */
.note {
  position: relative;
  background: #58a; /* 回退样式 */
  background: linear-gradient(-150deg, transparent 1.5em, #58a 0);
}

.note::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  width: 1.73em;
  height: 3em;
  content: '';
  background: linear-gradient(
      to left bottom,
      transparent 50%,
      rgb(0 0 0 / 20%) 0,
      rgb(0 0 0 / 40%)
    ) 100% 0 no-repeat;
  transform: translateY(-1.3em) rotate(-30deg);
  transform-origin: bottom right;
}

Border triangle:

/* transparent border */
.arrow-up {
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-right: 16px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 20px solid #8888e8;
  border-left: 16px solid transparent;
}

Clip path triangle:

/* clip path */
.arrow-right {
  width: 20px;
  height: 32px;
  clip-path: polygon(0 0, 0 100%, 100% 50%);
  background-color: #e888a3;
}

Pseudo element triangle:

/* pseudo element + hidden overflow */
.arrow-down {
  position: relative;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.arrow-down::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  display: block;
  width: calc(40px / 1.41);
  height: calc(40px / 1.41);
  content: '';
  background: #f7df6c;
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
  transform-origin: 0 0;
}

/**
 * pseudo element + HTML5 entities:
 * ◄ : &#9668;
 * ► : &#9658;
 * ▼ : &#9660;
 * ▲ : &#9650;
 */
.arrow::before {
  content: '&#9660';
}

Square

Background gradient square shape:

.checkerboard-linear-gradient {
  background: #eee;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
      45deg,
      rgb(0 0 0 / 25%) 25%,
      transparent 0 75%,
      rgb(0 0 0 / 25%) 0
    ), linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(0 0 0 / 25%) 25%, transparent 0 75%, rgb(
          0 0 0 / 25%
        ) 0);
  background-position:
    0 0,
    15px 15px;
  background-size: 30px 30px;
}

.checkerboard-conic-gradient {
  background: repeating-conic-gradient(#bbb 0, #bbb 25%, #eee 0, #eee 50%);
  background-size: 30px 30px;
}

Polygon

Gradient Polygon

Background gradient polygon:

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/bevel-corners-gradients}
 */
.polygon-background-corner {
  background: #58a;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0) top left,
    linear-gradient(-135deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0) top right,
    linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0) bottom right,
    linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 15px, #58a 0) bottom left;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: 50% 50%;
}

Clip Path Polygon

clip-path polygon:

.polygon {
  /* 菱形 */
  clip-path: polygon(50% 0, 100% 50%, 50% 100%, 0 50%);

  /* 矩形箭头 */
  clip-path: polygon(75% 0%, 100% 50%, 75% 100%, 0% 100%, 25% 50%, 0% 0%);

  /* 八边形 */
  clip-path: polygon(
    20px 0,
    calc(100% - 20px) 0,
    100% 20px,
    100% calc(100% - 20px),
    calc(100% - 20px) 100%,
    20px 100%,
    0 calc(100% - 20px),
    0 20px
  );
}

const polygon = (n = 3) => {
  const deg = (2 * Math.PI) / n;
  const points = [];

  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    const theta = deg * i;
    const x = `${50 * Math.cos(theta) + 50}%`;
    const y = `${50 * Math.sin(theta) + 50}%`;
    points.push(`${x} ${y}`);
  }

  return `polygon(${points.join(',')})`;
};

Transform Polygon

transform polygon:

/* 平行四边形 */
.button::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  content: ''; /* 用伪元素来生成一个矩形 */
  background: #58a;
  transform: skew(45deg);
}

Chrome style tab:

/* 梯形 */
.tab::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  content: ''; /* 用伪元素来生成一个矩形 */
  background: #58a;
  transform: scaleY(1.3) perspective(0.5em) rotateX(5deg);
  transform-origin: bottom;
}

Filter and Blend Effects

Dark Mode Effect

html[theme='dark'] {
  filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg);
}

html[theme='dark'] img {
  filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg);
}

html {
  transition:
    color 300ms,
    background-color 300ms;
}

Fusion Effect

Parent element: background-color + filter: contrast().
Child element: filter: blur().

Light, flame, rain drop emulation:

<div class="container">
  <div class="circle circle-1"></div>
  <div class="circle circle-2"></div>
</div>

<style>
  .container {
    background: #fff; /* Required */
    filter: contrast(30);
  }

  .circle {
    filter: blur(10px);
  }
</style>

Frosted Glass Effect

毛玻璃效果 (bg-white/30 shadow-lg backdrop-blur-sm):

body {
  background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/image');
  background-position: center;
}

.card {
  background-color: rgb(17 25 40 / 54%);
  border: 1px solid rgb(255 255 255 / 12.5%);
  border-radius: 12px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px) saturate(200%);
}

.hero {
  --inset-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px hsl(204deg 100% 90% / 100%);
  --shadow: 10px 10px 60px 20px hsl(194deg 100% 9% / 50%);

  background-color: hsl(27deg 10% 90% / 90%);
  border: 1px solid hsl(176deg 87% 7% / 60%);
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: var(--inset-shadow), var(--shadow);
}

@supports (backdrop-filter: blur(25px) brightness(170%)) {
  .hero {
    background-color: hsl(27deg 10% 90% / 50%);
    backdrop-filter: blur(25px) brightness(170%);
  }
}

Gradient Text Effect

Gradient text:

.gradient-text {
  position: relative;
  color: black;
  background: #fff;
}

.gradient-text::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  content: '';
  background: linear-gradient(to right, deepskyblue, deeppink);
  mix-blend-mode: lighten;
}

.gradient-stroked-text {
  position: relative;
  color: #191325;
  text-shadow:
    1px 1px #fff,
    -1px -1px #fff,
    1px -1px #fff,
    -1px 1px #fff;
  background: #191325;
}

.gradient-stroked-text::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  content: '';
  background: linear-gradient(315deg, #78e56c, #127ac9);
  mix-blend-mode: darken;
}

/**
 * @see {@link https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/jOwEqvR}
 */
.gradient-wave-text {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  font-size: 120px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #000;
  background: #fff;
}

.gradient-wave-text::before,
.gradient-wave-text::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: -923px;
  left: 50%;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 2000px;
  height: 2000px;
  content: '';
  background: rgb(3 169 244 / 85%);
  border-radius: 45% 48% 43% 47%;
  mix-blend-mode: lighten;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  animation: rotate 10s infinite linear;
}

.gradient-wave-text::after {
  border-radius: 43% 47% 44% 48%;
  animation: rotate 10s infinite 0.5s linear;
}

@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0);
  }

  100% {
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(360deg);
  }
}

Sun Effect

.sun-rise {
  filter: contrast(0.34) brightness(1.6) sepia(1) hue-rotate(10deg);
  filter: sepia(1) saturate(4) hue-rotate(295deg);
}

Night Effect

.night {
  background: rgb(0 40 140 / 60%), url('./house-bed.jpg');
  filter: brightness(80%) grayscale(20%) contrast(1.2);
  background-size: 100%;
  background-blend-mode: darken;
}

Movie Effect

.movie {
  filter: contrast(1.1);
  background-blend-mode: soft-light;
}

Old Effect

.old-1977 {
  position: relative;
  filter: contrast(1.1) brightness(1.1) saturate(1.3);
}

.old-1977::after {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  pointer-events: none;
  content: '';
  background: rgb(243 106 188 / 30%);
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
}

Sketch Effect

.sketch {
  width: 256px;
  height: 171px;
  background:
    url('10.jpg') -2px -2px,
    url('10.jpg');
  filter: brightness(3) invert(1) grayscale(1);
  background-size: 258px 173px;
  background-blend-mode: difference;
}

Animation

Animated Dots

.dot {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 1em;
  overflow: hidden;
  line-height: 1;
  text-align: left;
  vertical-align: -0.25ex;
}

@media only screen and (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .dot::before {
    animation: dot1 3s infinite step-start both;
  }
}

.dot::before {
  display: block;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  content: '...\A..\A.';
}

@keyframes dot1 {
  33% {
    transform: translateY(-2em);
  }

  66% {
    transform: translateY(-1em);
  }
}

Hover Animation

Hover button effects using background.
Hover button effects using text shadow.
Hover button effects using clip and mask.

Fade Animation

Visual Fade Animation

.dropdown-drawer {
  visibility: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  transition:
    opacity 0.2s linear,
    visibility 0s linear 0.2s;
}

.is-open .dropdown-drawer {
  visibility: visible;
  opacity: 1;
  transition-delay: 0s;
}

Fade In Animation

@keyframes fade-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotateX(-90deg);
  }

  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotateX(0deg);
  }
}

Fade In Out Animation

@keyframes fade-in-out {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  50% {
    opacity: 1;
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

Fade Mask Animation

Fade text:

p {
  margin: auto;
  font-family: 'Reggae One', cursive;
  font-size: 48px;
  color: #fff;
  mask: radial-gradient(circle at 0 50%, #000, transparent 10%, transparent 0);
  mask-size: 100%;
  animation: scale 5s infinite;
}

.radial {
  mask: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0, #000, transparent 20%, transparent 0);
  mask-size: 100% 100%;
  animation: scale 5s infinite;
}

@keyframes scale {
  50%,
  100% {
    mask-size: 100% 2000%;
  }
}

Bounce Animation

/* transform-origin: top center */
@keyframes bounce-in {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.5) translateY(-30px);
  }

  80% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(1.2);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotateY(0) translateY(0);
  }
}

Rotate Animation

Rotate In Animation

/* transform-origin: top center */
@keyframes horizontal-rotate-in {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateY(30px);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotateY(0) translateY(0);
  }
}

/* transform-origin: top right */
@keyframes rotate-right-in {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotate(-30deg) translateX(30px);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotate(0) translateX(0);
  }
}

Circular Spin Animation

/**
 * @see {@link play.csssecrets.io/circular}
 */
@keyframes spin {
  from {
    transform: rotate(0turn) translateY(-150px) translateY(50%) rotate(1turn);
  }

  to {
    transform: rotate(1turn) translateY(-150px) translateY(50%) rotate(0turn);
  }
}

.avatar {
  width: 50px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 3s infinite linear;
}

Fold Flip Animation

/* transform-origin: top center */
@keyframes fold-flip {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: rotateX(-90deg);
  }

  60% {
    transform: rotateX(50deg);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotateX(0);
  }
}

Accordion Animation

@media only screen and (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .menu {
    transition: none;
  }
}

.menu {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  transition:
    max-height 0.3s,
    opacity 0.3s;
}

.menu:focus-within,
.container:hover .menu {
  max-height: 1em;
  opacity: 1;
}

Slides Animation

.slide {
  width: 500%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

@keyframes slide {
  0% {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  10% {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  12% {
    margin-left: -100%;
  }

  22% {
    margin-left: -100%;
  }

  24% {
    margin-left: -200%;
  }

  34% {
    margin-left: -200%;
  }

  36% {
    margin-left: -300%;
  }

  46% {
    margin-left: -300%;
  }

  48% {
    margin-left: -400%;
  }

  58% {
    margin-left: -400%;
  }

  60% {
    margin-left: -300%;
  }

  70% {
    margin-left: -300%;
  }

  72% {
    margin-left: -200%;
  }

  82% {
    margin-left: -200%;
  }

  84% {
    margin-left: -100%;
  }

  94% {
    margin-left: -100%;
  }

  96% {
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}

Scale Up Animation

@media only screen and (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .div {
    transition: none;
  }
}

.div {
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
  transform: scaleX(0);
}

.div:hover,
.div:focus {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

Clear Splash Animation

.cube {
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  perspective: 1000;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
}

@keyframes tooltip {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.1) rotate(30deg) translateY(50px) rotateX(90deg);
  }

  50% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: rotate(-10deg) rotateX(-2deg);
  }

  70% {
    transform: rotate(3deg);
  }

  100% {
    transform: scale(1);
  }
}

Breath Animation

.breath {
  animation: breath 7s infinite;
}

@keyframes breath {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  70% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

Pulse Animation

@keyframes radial-pulse {
  0% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 50%);
  }

  100% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 30px rgb(0 0 0 / 0%);
  }
}

/* origin opacity is 0 */
@keyframes pulse {
  0% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(0);
  }

  100% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(1.3);
  }
}

Clock Animation

.clock-pendulum {
  transform-origin: top;
  animation: pendulum 1s infinite alternate ease-in-out;
}

@keyframes pendulum {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(-10deg);
  }

  100% {
    transform: rotate(10deg);
  }
}

Typing Animation

@keyframes typing {
  from {
    width: 0;
  }
}

@keyframes caret {
  50% {
    border-right-color: transparent;
  }
}

h1 {
  width: 15ch;
  overflow: hidden;
  font:
    bold 200% Consolas,
    Monaco,
    monospace;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-right: 0.05em solid;
  animation:
    typing 8s steps(15),
    caret 1s steps(1) infinite;
}

CSS Components Reference

CSS tricks.
CSS inspiration.
Background patterns gallery.
Pure CSS icons.

CSS Components Notes

Utilities​

Resizable Class​

Hidden Class​

Typography​

Flexible Heading​

Text Preset​

Landing Page​

Jumbotron Background Image​

Muted Video​

Search Light Effect​

Navigation​

Float Navigation​

Inline Block Navigation​

Dropdown Navigation​

Tab Navigation​

Footer​

Sticky Footer​

Negative Margin Sticky Footer​

Calculation Sticky Footer​

Flex Sticky Footer​

Grid Sticky Footer​

Link​

Styled Link​

Hidden Link​

Animated Link​

GitHub Link​

Button​

Link Button​

Gradient Button​

Linear Gradient Button​

Radial Gradient Button​

3D Shadow Button​

Button Reference​

Table​

Form​

Reset Form Styles​

Custom Form Button​

Custom Form Checkbox​

Custom Form Switch​

Custom Form Select​

Modal​

Overlay Modal​

Box Shadow Modal​

Dialog Modal​

Clip Modal​

Tooltip​

Scroll Effect​

Parallax Effect​

Background Attachment Parallax Effect​

3D Perspective Transform Parallax Effect​

Page Progress Indicator​

Slides​

Gallery​

Timeline and Steps​

Background and Shadow​

Gradient Border​

Gradient Box Shadow​

Geometry and Shape​

Pseudo Element Shape​

Border Shape​

Horizontal and Vertical Border​

Transparent Border​

Background Shape​

Stretch Line​

Dash Line​

Bar Line​

Wave line​

Menu Line​

Grid Line​

Spinner​

Dot​

Border Dot​

Gradient Dot​

Circle​

Ellipse​

Triangle​

Square​

Polygon​

Gradient Polygon​

Utilities

Resizable Class

Hidden Class

Typography

Flexible Heading

Text Preset

Landing Page

Jumbotron Background Image

Muted Video

Search Light Effect

Navigation

Float Navigation

Inline Block Navigation

Dropdown Navigation

Tab Navigation

Footer

Sticky Footer

Negative Margin Sticky Footer

Calculation Sticky Footer

Flex Sticky Footer

Grid Sticky Footer

Link

Styled Link

Hidden Link

Animated Link

GitHub Link

Button

Link Button

Gradient Button

Linear Gradient Button

Radial Gradient Button

3D Shadow Button

Button Reference

Table

Form

Reset Form Styles

Custom Form Button

Custom Form Checkbox

Custom Form Switch

Custom Form Select

Modal

Overlay Modal

Box Shadow Modal

Dialog Modal

Clip Modal

Tooltip

Scroll Effect

Parallax Effect

Background Attachment Parallax Effect

3D Perspective Transform Parallax Effect

Page Progress Indicator

Slides

Gallery

Timeline and Steps

Background and Shadow

Gradient Border

Gradient Box Shadow

Geometry and Shape

Pseudo Element Shape

Border Shape

Horizontal and Vertical Border

Transparent Border

Background Shape

Stretch Line

Dash Line

Bar Line

Wave line

Menu Line

Grid Line

Spinner

Dot

Border Dot

Gradient Dot

Circle

Ellipse

Triangle

Square

Polygon

Gradient Polygon

Clip Path Polygon